An example Analysis of C++ inheritance
This article gives you an example of C++ inheritance analysis, the content is very detailed, interested friends can refer to, I hope to help you.
C++ supports a variety of programming styles, including support for object-oriented design. Today we will introduce in detail the specific application methods of various C++ inheritance methods, hoping to help you have an in-depth understanding of this knowledge.
C++ inheritance is divided into the following ways:
Public, private, protected (they directly affect the members of derived classes and the rules by which their objects access base class members).
(1) public (public inheritance): inheritance keeps the attributes of each member of the base class unchanged, and the private members of the base class are hidden. Members of a derived class can access only public/protected members of the base class, not private members; objects of a derived class can access only public members of the base class.
(2) private (private inheritance): when inheritance, all member attributes in the base class become private, and private members in the base class are hidden. Members of a derived class can only access public/protected members of the base class, not private members; objects of a derived class cannot access any members of the base class.
(3) protected (protected inheritance): when inheritance, all member attributes in the base class become protected, and private members in the base class are hidden. Members of a derived class can access only public/protected members of the base class, not private members; objects of a derived class cannot access any members of the base class.
C++ inheritance application code example:
#include
< iostream>using namespace std;
class Base
{
public://公有的
int a1;
virtual void test() = 0;
protected://受保护的
int a2;
private://私有的
int a3;
};
class ProtectedClass:protected Base//保护继承
{
public:
void test()
{
a1 = 1;//a1在这里被转变为protected
a2 = 2;//a2在这里被转变为protected
//a3=3;//错误，派生类不能访问基类的私有成员
}
};
class ControlProtectedClass:public ProtectedClass
//以public方式继承ProtectedClass类
{
public:
void test()
{
a1 = 1;//a1在这里仍然保持为a1在这里被转变为protected
a2 = 2;//a2在这里仍然保持为a1在这里被转变为protected
//a3=3;//错误,由于Base类成员为私有的，即使是上级父类是保护继承，
也不能改变Base类成员的控制类型
}
};
class PrivateClass:private Base//私有继承
{
public:
void test()
{
a1 = 1;//a1在这里被转变为private
a2 = 2;//a2在这里被转变为private
//a3=3;//错误，基类私有成员对文件区域与派生类区域都是不可访问的
}
};
class ControlPrivateClass:public PrivateClass
//以public方式继承PrivateClass类
{
public:
void test()
{
//a1=1;//错误，由于基类PrivateClass为私有继承,a1已经转变为private
//a2=2;//错误，由于基类PrivateClass为私有继承,a1已经转变为private
//a3=3;//错误,由于Base类成员为私有的，PrivateClass类也为私有继承
}
};
class PublicClass:public Base
//共有继承有区别与其它方式的继承，继承后的各成员不会其改变控制方式
{
public:
void test()
{
a1 = 1;//a1仍然保持public
a2 = 2;//a2仍然保持protected
//a3=3;//错误，派生类不能操作基类的私有成员
}
};
class ControlPublicClass:public PublicClass//以public方式继承PublicClass类
{
public:
void test()
{
a1 = 1;//a1仍然保持public
a2 = 2;//a2仍然保持protected
//a3=3;//错误，由于Base类成员为私有成员，即使是上级父类是公有继承，
也不能改变Base类成员的控制类型
}
};
int main()
{
system("pause");
}
认真看完了C++继承方式的应用例子，相信细心的读者对于共有继承、保护继承与私有继承的区别与特点已经了解，***再提醒一下读者，在继承关系中，基类的private成员不但对应用程序隐藏，即使是派生类也是隐藏不可访问的，而基类的保护成员只对应用程序隐藏，对于派生类来说是不隐藏的,保护继承与私有继承在实际编程工作中使用是极其少见的，他们只在技术理论上有意义。
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