What are the advanced features of Java

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1List and Set

The List and Set implementation classes in the JUC (java.util.concurrent) collection package include:

CopyOnWriteArrayList

CopyOnWriteArraySet

ConcurrentSkipListSet

ConcurrentSkipListSet will explain later when explaining Map.

The framework of CopyOnWriteArrayList and CopyOnWriteArraySet is shown in the following figure:

CopyOnWriteArrayList is the equivalent of thread-safe ArrayList, which implements the List interface. CopyOnWriteArrayList supports high concurrency.

CopyOnWriteArraySet is the equivalent of thread-safe HashSet, which inherits from the AbstractSet class.

CopyOnWriteArraySet contains a CopyOnWriteArrayList object internally, which is implemented through CopyOnWriteArrayList.

2Map

The implementation classes of Map in the JUC collection package include: ConcurrentHashMap and ConcurrentSkipListMap. Their framework is shown in the following figure:

ConcurrentHashMap is a thread-safe hash table (equivalent to thread-safe HashMap); it inherits from the AbstractMap class and implements the ConcurrentMap interface. ConcurrentHashMap is implemented through "lock segmentation", which supports concurrency.

ConcurrentSkipListMap is a thread-safe, ordered hash table (equivalent to thread-safe TreeMap); it inherits from the AbstractMap class and implements the ConcurrentNavigableMap interface. ConcurrentSkipListMap is implemented through a "jump table", which supports concurrency.

ConcurrentSkipListSet is an ordered collection of thread-safe (equivalent to thread-safe TreeSet); it inherits from AbstractSet and implements the NavigableSet interface. ConcurrentSkipListSet is implemented through ConcurrentSkipListMap, which also supports concurrency.

3Queue

The implementation classes of Queue in the JUC collection package include: ArrayBlockingQueue, LinkedBlockingQueue, LinkedBlockingDeque, ConcurrentLinkedQueue and ConcurrentLinkedDeque. Their framework is shown in the following figure:

ArrayBlockingQueue is a thread-safe, bounded blocking queue implemented by an array.

LinkedBlockingQueue is a (specified size) blocking queue implemented by an one-way linked list, which sorts elements by FIFO (first in first out).

LinkedBlockingDeque is a bi-directional concurrent blocking queue implemented by a bi-directional linked list (of a specified size), which supports both FIFO and FILO operations.

ConcurrentLinkedQueue is an unbounded queue implemented by an one-way linked list that sorts elements by FIFO (first in first out).

ConcurrentLinkedDeque is an unbounded queue implemented by a two-way linked list, which supports both FIFO and FILO operations.

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