Linux command: rpm package management
Introduction to the rpm command:
Rpm: software Manager
Database: / var/lib/rpm is used to query the database of related operations by the software.
Rpmbuild: a tool for creating rpm packages
Install, query, uninstall, upgrade, verify, rebuild the database, verify the data package and so on.
1. Command format:
1. Rpm naming rules:
Main package:
Usage: httpd-2.2.15-15.e16.centos.i686.rpm
Httpd: package name 2.2.15: software version number 15: number of software releases
E16.centos: suitable linux platform i686: suitable hardware platform rpm:rpm package extension
Subpackage:
Usage:httpd-libs-2.2.15-15.i586.rpm
Package name format:
Name-version-release.arch.rpm
Bind-major.minor.release-release.arch.rpm
Major version number: only major improvements will change.
Minor version number: a major change has taken place in a sub-function
Issue number: fixed part of bug and adjusted some functions
2. Command function:
Manage, install, query, uninstall, upgrade, verify, rebuild the database, verify the data package and so on.
3. Command parameters:
1. Rpm software installation
Rpm-I / PATH/TO/PACKACE-FILE-I: indicates installation
-h: show progress in #, with each # representing 2%
-v: show detailed progress
-vv: displays more detailed information
Rpm-ivh
-- nodeps: ignore dependencies
-- replacepkgs: reinstall and replace the previously installed software
-- force: forced installation can be reinstalled or downgraded
2. Query the installed rpm software
Rpm-Q package name query specifies whether the package has been installed
Rpm-qa queries all packages that have been installed
Rpm-qi package name: query the description of the specified package
Rpm-ql package name: query the list of files generated after the specified package is installed
Rpm-qc package name: query the configuration file for the specified package installation
Rpm-qd package name: query the help files for the specified package installation
Rpm-Q-- scripts package name: query the scripts contained in the specified package
Rpm-qf / path/to/somefile: query that the specified file is generated by that rpm package installation
2.1.Query a rpm package that has not been installed. You need to query the instructions and files that will be generated after installation.
Rpm-qpi / PATH/TO/PACKAGE_FILE (path to rpm)
3. Rpm upgrade
Rpm-Uvh / PATH/TO/NAW_PACKAGE_FILE (new package): upgrade if the old version is installed; otherwise, install
Rpm-Fvh / PATH/TO/NAW_PACKAGE_FILE (new package): upgrade if the old version is installed; otherwise, exit
Rpm-ivh-- oldpackage / PATH/TO/OLD_PACKAGE_FILE: downgrade
4. Uninstall the rpm package
Rpm-e PACKAGE_NAME Uninstall package
-- nodeps: ignore dependencies
5. Verify the rpm package
Rpm-V PACKAGE_NAME check package
6. Rebuild the database
Rpm
-- rebuilddb: if the database is rebuilt, it will be re-established.
-- initdb: initialize the database. If you don't have it, you don't have to build it. If you have it, you don't have to.
7. Verify the validity of the source and the integrity of the software package
Encryption type:
Symmetry: encryption and decryption using the same key
Public key: a pair of keys, public keys, private keys: the public key is hidden in the private key and can be extracted and made public
One way:
Rpm--import / etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release import key file (only r ehat systems can be verified)
Rpm-K / PAPT/TO/PACKAGE_FILE
Dsa,gpg: verify the validity of the source, that is, verify the signature; you can skip this item with-- nosignature
Shal,md5: verify package integrity: you can use-- nodigest, skip this item
4. Command example:
1. Query whether the package is installed
Rpm-Q gcc to see if gcc is installed
[root@xuelinux gcc-4.5.1] # rpm-Q gcc
Gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.i686 indicates that gcc is installed
Rpm-- qa gcc views gcc software help files
[root@xuelinux gcc-4.5.1] # rpm-qd gcc
/ usr/share/doc/gcc-4.4.7/COPYING
/ usr/share/doc/gcc-4.4.7/COPYING.LIB
/ usr/share/doc/gcc-4.4.7/COPYING3
/ usr/share/doc/gcc-4.4.7/COPYING3.LIB
