Grep
Expansion
-w precise matching
Filter all grep-r-include= "* .php" 'eval' / data/' lines containing eval in a directory.
9.1 regular introduction on _ grep
Grep [- cinvABC] 'word'filename
[root@mingming ~] # mkdir grep [root@mingming ~] # cd grep [root@mingming grep] # cp / etc/passwd. [root@mingming grep] # lspasswd [root@mingming grep] # grep nologin passwdbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologindaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologinadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologinlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologinmail: X:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologinuucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologinoperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologingames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologingopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologinftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologinnobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/ : / sbin/nologindbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologinvcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologinrpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologinsaslauth:x:499:76: "Saslauthd user": / var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologinpostfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologinrpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/ Nfs:/sbin/nologinnfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologinhaldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologinsshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
-number of rows
[root@mingming grep] # grep-c nologin passwd20
-I is not case sensitive
-n shows the number of rows
[root@mingming grep] # grep-n nologin passwd2:bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin3:daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin4:adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin5:lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin9:mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin10:uucp:x:10:14 : uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin11:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin12:games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin13:gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin14:ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin15:nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin16:dbus:x:81:81:System Message bus:/:/sbin/nologin17:vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin18:rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin19:saslauth:x:499:76: "Saslauthd user": / var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin20:postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin21:rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/ Sbin/nologin22:nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin23:haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin24:sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
-v inversion
[root@mingming grep] # grep-nv nologin passwd1:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash7:sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync7:shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown8:halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt25:smbuser1:x:500:500::/home/smbuser1:/bin/bash
-r traverse all subdirectories
-An is followed by a number to filter out the lines that meet the requirements and the following n lines
Grep-A2 root passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologindaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin--operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologingames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologingopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
-B same as above, filter out the rows that meet the requirements and the n lines above
-C is the same as above, filter out the rows that meet the requirements and show the grep/egrep in the upper and lower rows.
* > = 0 times the character before *. Any character? One for 0? The preceding character + > = 1 + preceding character. * wildcard | or [root@mingming grep] # grep'[0-9] 'passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologindaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologinadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologinlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd: / sbin/nologinsync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/syncshutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdownhalt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/haltmail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologinuucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologinoperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologingames:x:12:100:games:/usr/ Games:/sbin/nologingopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologinftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologinnobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologindbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologinvcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologinrpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologinsaslauth:x:499: 76: "Saslauthd user": / var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologinpostfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologinrpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologinnfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologinhaldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologinsshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologinsmbuser1 : x:500:500::/home/smbuser1:/bin/bash [root@mingming grep] # grep-n'^ # 'inittab1:# inittab is only used by upstart for the default runlevel.2:#3:# ADDING OTHER CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.4:#6:#7:# Individual runlevels are started by / etc/init/rc.conf8:#9:# Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by / etc/init/control-alt-delete.conf10:#12:# with configuration in/ etc / sysconfig/init.13:#14:# For information on how to write upstart event handlers Or how16:#18:# 0-halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this) 19 Single user mode20:# # 1-Single user mode20:# 2-Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3 If you do not have networking) 21reboot # 3-Full multiuser mode22:# 4-unused23:# 5-X1124unused23:# # 6-reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this) 25VO # [root@mingming grep] # grep-nv'^ # 'inittab5: System initialization is started by / etc/init/rcS.conf11: Terminal gettys are handled by / etc/init/tty.conf and / etc/init/serial.conf,15: upstart works, see init (5), init (8), and initctl (8) .17: Default runlevel. The runlevels used are:26:id:3:initdefault:
Filter out non-0-9
[root@mingming grep] # grep'[^ 0-9] 'inittab# inittab is only used by upstart for the default runlevel.## ADDING OTHER CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.# System initialization is started by / etc/init/rcS.conf## Individual runlevels are started by / etc/init/rc.conf## Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by / etc/init/control-alt-delete.conf# Terminal gettys are handled by / etc/init/tty.conf and / etc/init/serial.conf # with configuration in / etc/sysconfig/init.## For information on how to write upstart event handlers, or how upstart works, see init (5), init (8), and initctl (8). # Default runlevel. The runlevels used are:# 0-halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this) # 1-Single user mode# 2-Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3 If you do not have networking) # 3-Full multiuser mode# 4-unused# 5-X1room6-reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this) # id:3:initdefault: [root@mingming grep] # grep 'r.o' passwroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashhalt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/haltriomail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologinr.ooperator:x:11:0:operator : / root:/sbin/nologin [root@mingming grep] # grep 'r.o' passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashoperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin [root@mingming grep] # vin passwd-bash: vin: command not found [root@mingming grep] # vim passwd [root@mingming grep] # grep 'r.o' passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashhalt:x:7:0:halt:/ Sbin:/sbin/haltriomail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologinr.ooperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin [root@mingming grep] # grep 'oonymo' passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologindaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologinadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm: / sbin/nologinlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologinshutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdownhalt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/haltriomail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologinr.ouucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologinoperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologingames:x:12:100 : games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologingopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologinftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologinnobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologindbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologinvcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologinrpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/ Nologinsaslauth:x:499:76: "Saslauthd user": / var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologinpostfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologinrpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologinnfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologinhaldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologinsshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/ Sshd:/sbin/nologinsmbuser1:x:500:500::/home/smbuser1:/bin/bash [root@mingming grep] # grep'. * 'passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologindaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologinadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologinlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin / nologinsync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/syncshutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdownhalt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/haltriomail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologinr.ouucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologinoperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologingames:x:12:100:games:/usr/ Games:/sbin/nologingopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologinftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologinnobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologindbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologinvcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologinrpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologinsaslauth:x:499: 76: "Saslauthd user": / var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologinpostfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologinrpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologinnfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologinhaldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologinsshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologinsmbuser1 : x:500:500::/home/smbuser1:/bin/bash
Match two o
[root@mingming grep] # grep'o\ {2\} 'passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologinmail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologinr.ouucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologinoperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologinpostfix:x:89:89::/ Var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin [root@mingming grep] # egrep'o {2} 'passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologinmail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologinr.ouucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologinoperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologinpostfix: X:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin [root@mingming grep] # grep-E'o {2} 'passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologinmail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologinr.ouucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologinoperator:x:11:0: Operator:/root:/sbin/nologinpostfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
