2.3 File Management Class commands
4. What are the file management commands on Linux, their common usage and related examples.
1cp command
(1) simple understanding of cp command
[root@CentOS7 data] # whatis cp
Cp (1)-copy files and directories
Cp (1p)-copy files
[root@CentOS7 data] # which cp
Alias cp='cp-i'
/ usr/bin/cp
[root@CentOS7 data] # whereis cp
Cp: / usr/bin/cp / usr/share/man/man1/cp.1.gz / usr/share/man/man1p/cp.1p.gz
[root@CentOS7 data] # type cp
Cp is aliased to `cp-i'
(2) option
-I overwrite the prompt before, enter y enter. Does it work to return directly to the car?
-n do not overwrite, pay attention to the order of files
Recursively copy the directory and all its internal contents
-an archive, equivalent to-dr-- preserv = all
-d-- no-dereference-- preserv=links does not copy the original file, only the link name if you do not add-d to copy the linked file (soft link)
-- preserv [= ATTR_LIST] (preserve protection, maintenance)
Mode permission
Ownership main genus group
Timestamp timestamp
Links copies the symbolic link itself
Xattr extended Properties
Context security label
All
-p equals-- preserv=mode,ownership,timestamp
-v-- verbose explain what is being done
-f-- force is created after deletion
If an existing destination file cannot be opened, remove it and try again (this option is ignored when the-n option is also used)
-u-- update only copies files where the source is newer than the destination modification time (Modification Time) or where the destination does not exist
[root@CentOS7 data] # cat 1.log
[root@CentOS7 data] # cat > 1.log 111
> 22
> 33
> EOF
[root@CentOS7 data] # cat 1.log # has just been edited, mtime is late.
one hundred and eleven
twenty-two
thirty-three
[root@CentOS7 data] # cat aaa.txtl # this file mtime is earlier
Aaa
D
F
G
[root@CentOS7 data] # cp aaa.txtl 1.log
Cp: overwrite'1. Log? N
[root@CentOS7 data] # cat 1.log
one hundred and eleven
twenty-two
thirty-three
[root@CentOS7 data] # cp aaa.txtl 1.log-u
[root@CentOS7 data] # cat 1.log # View the contents of the file have not changed
one hundred and eleven
twenty-two
thirty-three
[root@CentOS7 data] # cp 1.log aaa.txtl-u
Cp: overwrite 'aaa.txtl'? Y
[root@CentOS7 data] # cat aaa.txtl # the contents of this file have been replaced
one hundred and eleven
twenty-two
thirty-three
-b destination exists, backup before overwriting, in the form of filename~
Only the last file can be backed up. If the second copy of a different file is the name of the previous file, it is still named name~
-- backup=numbered,t destination exists. Backup with digital suffix before overwriting
[root@CentOS7 data] # cp / etc/profile profile.bak-bcp: overwrite 'profile.bak'? Y [root@CentOS7 data] # lltotal 8 backup=numbered cp-1 root root 1819 Nov 12 13:05 profile.bak-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1819 Nov 12 13:04 profile.bak~ [root@CentOS7 data] # cp-- backup=numbered / etc/profile profile.bakcp: overwrite 'profile.bak'? Y [root@CentOS7 data] # lltotal 12 lltotal RW profile.bak.~1~-1 root root 1819 Nov 12 13:08 profile.bak-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1819 Nov 12 13:04 profile.bak~-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1819 Nov 12 13:05 profile.bak.~1~
The classic combination is cp-av file/directory.
(3) usage:
# cp command replication may cause attribute changes
Cp ~ wang/.bashrc bashrc.bak
Ll! *
Ll ~ wang/.bashrc bashrc.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 231 Oct 22 09:17 bashrc.bak
-rw-r--r--. 1 wang wang 231 Aug 8 20:06 / home/wang/.bashrc
# # when you add the-p command, the attribute remains unchanged
Cp-p ~ wang/.bashrc bashrc.bak1
Ll! *
Ll-p ~ wang/.bashrc bashrc.bak1
-rw-r--r-- 1 wang wang 231 Aug 8 20:06 bashrc.bak1
-rw-r--r--. 1 wang wang 231 Aug 8 20:06 / home/wang/.bashrc
When copying some special files, the file type will also change.
[root@CentOS7 data] # ll / etc/redhat-release
Lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 Oct 14 08:52 / etc/redhat-release-> centos-release
[root@CentOS7 data] # ll redhat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37 Oct 22 13:18 redhat
# # when copying a directory, you need to add the option-rscarp R
[root@CentOS7 data] # cp / boot/grub2 / data/gb.bak
Cp: omitting directory'/ boot/grub2'
[root@CentOS7 data] # cp-r / boot/grub2 / data/gb.bak
[root@CentOS7 data] # ls
Gb.bak
There may be two results for executing the same command twice. See below.
[root@CentOS7 data] # cp / root/Downloads/ / data/d-r
[root@CentOS7 data] # ll / data/d
Total 0
[root@CentOS7 data] # ls / data/d
[root@CentOS7 data] # cp / root/Downloads/ / data/d-r
[root@CentOS7 data] # ls / data/d
Downloads
2mv command
-I
-f
-b
-v
-u
3rm command
-r recursive operation
-f enforces and does not interact.
-v shows the running process
